October 7, 2023 marked a significant escalation in tensions surrounding Israelis and Palestinians living in the Levant.
Hamas, the local government in Gaza, and U.S. designated terrorist organization, launched a coordinated attack on the south of Israel. The attack resulted in about 1,200 Israelis killed and more than 240 people taken hostage by Hamas.
As of October 2025, the United Nations (UN) reported that 81 percent of all buildings have been destroyed in Gaza, with 92 percent of all housing in Gaza destroyed or damaged as part of Israel’s retribution against Gaza for the Oct. 7 attack.
At least 72,000 Gazans have been killed during Israel’s attacks on Gaza since 2023.
The destruction in Gaza, withholding of aid, along with dehumanizing rhetoric against Palestinians from Israel’s far-right leadership has led a UN commission to declare what is happening in Gaza as a genocide, while Israel maintains that it is defending itself from terrorist attacks.
Tensions surrounding Israel and Palestine have always been high, but have become a part of regular American discourse, with rising support for Palestinians and waning support for Israel.
According to a February 2026 poll by Gallup, all demographics across America show a downward trend in support for Israel, some significant, while others show a lull.
And Palestinian support has become significantly higher, especially for those under the age of 55.
Regardless of the fallibility of polling, contrary views on Israel and Palestine run hot.
The Toledo Free Press spoke to people from northwest Ohio with varied viewpoints, all of whom cared enough about the issue to show up in-person during public opportunities to make their stance known.
Initially, there were four different groups the TFP hoped to sit down with for long-form interviews to better understand their beliefs, including: the American Jewish Zionist perspective, a Palestinian American perspective, an American Christian Zionist perspective and an American anti-war perspective.
TFP was successful in getting three of these categories represented, with members of the Greater Toledo House of Prayer declining to be interviewed for the American Christian Zionist perspective. TFP captured that group’s presence at a county meeting that involved discussions about divesting from Israel. Read that full story here.
In performing these interviews, TFP did not attempt to prove or disprove the beliefs presented by the interviewees, but to question enough to showcase how the individuals were thinking about what is going on in the world as it relates to Israelis and Palestinians.
The contentious nature of discussions over Israel and Palestine has entrenched opposite sides, and our publication’s hope is that these interviews will act as a footnote to document opinions of those who cared enough to show up in person and voice them.
Collecting these three interviews took place over the course of many months, and global events changed over those months. When viewing each interview, it is important to make note of the date to place it into proper context of what had happened at that time, as Israel, Palestine and Gaza all have had significant changes in international politics since beginning this project.
Phil Tottenham (Interviewed on Oct. 23, 2025)
The first interviewee for this project was Marine Veteran Phil Tottenham, representing the American anti-war perspective, as a member of Veterans for Peace.
Tottenham talked about his history, growing up in Texas, joining the marines and viewing the world from an initially right-wing perspective before re-evaluating his beliefs.
Since then, Tottenham has become vehemently anti-war and pro-Palestine, ultimately trying to break the blockade on Gaza by taking part in the second Global Sumud Flotilla and briefly being imprisoned in Israel.
From his view, Palestinians are oppressed so that others may profit from their losses, and not necessarily just Israelis. Tottenham spoke of Smedley Butler, the most decorated Marine in history, and his book, War is a Racket, talking about how the rich profit off of war, fought by less wealthy individuals.
Tottenham hopes for a better life for Palestinians, when they are not restricted as they are currently.
Stephen Rothschild (Nov. 26, 2025)
CEO of the Jewish Federation of Greater Toledo, Stephen Rothschild, sat down to speak about the need for Israel as a safe haven for Jews across the world.
Rothschild spoke on behalf of the Jewish Federation, and clarified his responsibility to speak from his position and not from personal viewpoints.
During this interview, Rothschild spoke of the hostility Israel has received from its neighbors, and the need for Israel to defend itself.
Israel and Palestine are caught in an intractable conflict, according to Rothschild, who fears the massacring of Jews if the United States withheld its support from Israel.
Rising global antisemitism is a major concern for Rothschild, and in his view, Israel needs to remain an ethnostate for the safety of Jews around the world.
While Rothschild may not agree with all parts of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netenyahu’s policy, he remains strong on the need for a Jewish state in the levant, and feels a double standard is applied to Israel when it tries to create a safe world for its citizens.
In his opinion, Israel may not be perfect – no countries are – but Israel is better than other governments in the region.
Walaa Kanan (April 2, 2026)
Palestinian American and pro-Palestine organizer, Walaa Kanan, spoke from her first-hand experience growing up in Toledo and traveling to visit family in the West Bank of Palestine.
Kanan spoke of the encroaching and illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank, separate roads for Israelis and Palestinians and Israeli checkpoints.
Gaza’s history does not start on Oct. 7 for Kanan, but with Israel restricting goods and access to the area for decades and with the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians during the 1948 War. Kanan does not believe there is a conflict, but that Israel is a modern colonial state that took land from Palestinians through ethnic cleansing and genocide.
Kanan hopes for a one-state solution where Muslims, Jews and Christians can live equally under one government.



























